尡 Ѹ / ҷȸ, 77 Ż ȸ
2015-10-16 11:18:33


















尡 Ѹ , ѱ ū ŷΡ

ѱ ù ڿ а 100ֳ

ȭ å ѵ ¼ 

㿬 л 13 տ ѱȸ ѹαǺ ⵵帮 ִ. .
μ ӱ


17 630 빮 ȸ ѱ а ŵε δ. 1915 б а 2015 100ֳ 翡 ϱ ̴. ش ȣ̽ G (18591916) 簡 б( ) ѱ ó ̰ ( а) 100 Ǵ ش.

а ȸ а 100ֳȸ ̳ ⸮ а 100硯 USB ޸𸮿 ش. ̵ ü а 100縦 å ȸ,  ̴.

а ȸ ö δ 13 Ϻ ͺ信 뱹 ħ ޴ Ÿ ߴ١ ѹα ڿ 簡 ߴ.

ѵο ûϸ鼭 ̰ ûߴ. ׷ ѵδ ̰ ߴ. Ĺ 鼺 ȴٰ ߱ ̴. Ϻ Ĺ ȭ å̾.

ڸ ؾ߸ ̷ ִٴ Ȯߴ. ׷ ѵο ö״.

Ű ȭа 6 а 㰡޾, 3 ߴ. ٷ ѱ ڿ а ̴.

ټ ߴ. ѱ õ ڻ ʴ ̿ö ڻ, ѱ ڻ ֱԳ ڻ, а ημ й ȼ ̴.

踦 ָ Z ݵü, ڵ ̴ ١ ׷ ⵶ ѱ ߴ ۿ ⿩ ϰ ִ١ ߴ. ״ ʰ ߴؾ ѱ ũ ִ١ ڶ󳪴 ûߴ. ״ ̿ Ϻ 뺧л 11ʳ ١ ѱ ƴٴ ν ع ϴ ̵ ٰ ִ١ Ÿߴ.

λ а 뺧л Ÿ ѹα Ƿ п Ѵ١ ߴ. 籹 ѱ μ 鿡 ѱȸ ʸ ƴ϶ ٴ ѱ ʱ ۾ ١ װ õεο 1885 4 5 Ȱ ħ ٴ ѱ ѱȸ ù ̾١ ߴ.


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Ư´] α ֿ ȸ忡 ´

ڰ ̾ߡ



㼭 Cä Ʃ 7 Ư´ ȸ忡 ´١ ڵ ̴֡ܡ  ѱȸ ߴ. ʺ() ڹ(յ) ȸ, Ұ(ȸ) , ä() Ż() ȸ. μ ӱ

Ϻ Cä 7 Cä Ʃ Ư´ ȸ忡 ´١ ȸ ȿ ħ ǰ ߴ.

Ϻ ΰ ؼ ణ ǰ ̸ ѱȸ ϳ ƾ Ѵٴ ߴ. Ư غ ؼ ѱȸ ϱ ϰų غⱸ ڴ ü ȵ Ҵ.

<>

յ ڹ ȸ ä ȸ
ȸ Ż ȸ

<ȸ=Ұ ȸ >

- ȸ ָ޾Ҵ ̾.

ȸ= Բ ⻵Ͻô ̴. ̴. 鼮 ȭ߰ ᱹ ̷´. Բ ִ. ̰ ڰ ̴.

Ż ȸ=ϳ Ѹ Ű 39 п о μ ϳ ϳ ־. ΰ ȭ . ϰ ϰ ϴ ֿ켱 Ҵ.


-ٸ αܵ ̷ ⸦  ̾ .

ڹ ȸ=յ 尳 ߴ. ӿ 뵵 ־. 10 鼭 ȭذ ִ. Ϸ а ž ؾ Ѵ. ߿ϴ. ̹ ̷ ܵ鵵 ذŸ DZ ٶ.

ä ȸ=ġ ȱ ؼ ø ̾ƾ Ѵ. ð ٷ ƴұ ʹ. ִ а ž, ϵ и ã Ѵٸ 󸶵 ̷ ̴.


- 8 9 ﱤ忡 70ֳ ѱȸȭϱ⵵ȸ ĸ ʿ ־. õ ü .

ȸ=100ȸ ȸ غȸ 󼳷 ƴ. ѱȸ ֵؾ ְ ƴ. ȸ Կ 븦 ֵ ⸦ ϱ ϴ Ͽ ִ.

ȸ= ū غ ƴ϶ ϰ ϴ ڰ ̴. α ƴ϶ ⵶ ü ϴ ⱸ Բ ڴ.


-ձ յ ߿ ̴. յ ѱ⵶ѿȸ(ѱ) ϴ ˰ ִ.

ȸ= . ȸ ѱ ȸ ϰ ɽ غϰ ִ. յ ߽ɿ ؾ ٵ, ̴ ž ̴. ɵ ִ 䰡 ʿϴٰ .


-ټ ܵ Ż Ȳε ѱ ߽ Ȱ ϰڴ°.

ä ȸ=ѱ 1 77 ȸϰ ̴ ذؾ Ѵ. Ŀ ѱȸ(ѱ) ѱ Ѵٸ ܵ Ȱ ũ ⿩ ִٰ . μ յ ִ ѱαѿȸ() ǰϰ 켱 .

ȸ= ƴ϶ ڱ ϰ ׸ پ Ѵٰ . (ѱ) ؾ ٴ ƴϴ.  Ѵ.


-3 ձⱸ ƴ ߽ ̶ ϴ°.

ä ȸ=2009 Ȱ ߴ ȸ ȸǡ ̸ ߴ. 25 ȸ ϱ ̴. ȸǴ 3 ձⱸ ƴϴ. ջ翪 ̴.

ȸ=ֱ ȸ ȸ ߴ. ȸǴ ձ ƴ ü Ȱؾ Ѵ.

ȸ=յ ȸǸ ϰ ѱȸ ̲ ڴ. ѱȸ ִ а ־ Ѵ.


- ̽ Ƿ 븦 ̷´µ Ѱ.

ȸ=ſ ̳ åڸ ȸ ֵ ϰ ִ. ⵶ ɰ ̴. ʱ Ϻ Ȯ ֵ ϰ ޹ħϴ ʿϴ.

ȸ= 9 ȸ , ȭ, Թ ݴϴ ǥϵ ߰ غ ִ. ⿡ Ұ ְ ġ ִٴ åڸ ߰Ϸ غϰ ִ.

ä ȸ=ڵ鵵 Ƽ ׸ ִ 翪 ÿ ľ Ѵ. ѱȸִå Ȱ ֵ Ǿִ ͵ ʿϴ.


-米 ñϴ.

ȸ= Ѵٰ . ̽¸ ̳ 츮 翡 ģ ⵶ ι . ׷ ⵶ µ Ÿ.

ȸ= ̳ ֵ ο̶ 鵵 ִ. ⺻ å ŭ ֵ ٸ ǽ ɾ ֵ å ؾ Ѵ.

ä ȸ= ֵ ý ְ ִٴ ִ. ٰȭ ð ʿϴ. ⵶ 翡 ʵ ȸ 缺 ؼ ؾ Ѵ.


-츮 ȸ ̽ Ȯ꿡 ѱȸ غ Ȳ ΰ.

ȸ=Ҷǰ Ǹ Ȱȭ 鸸 ư ؾ Ѵ. ̽ ִ ̴. ɰϰ νϰ ѱȸ å ÿ Ѵ.

ä ȸ=غ ȸ ̽å 翪ڸ Ȱ Ȱ, ̳ ġ ִ. ٸ ̽ ؼ ǽ ϴٰ .

ȸ= ԵǴ ϴ Ϳ Ѱ谡 ִ. ѱ ġ ߿ϴ.


-̴ ó Ȱ ȹ.

ȸ= ̴ ĥ ִ ⱸ ѱȸ ȿ ־ Ѵ. ̴ ˸ ġ ̿ϴ µ . Ҽ ̸ ΰ ̴ ϴ ؾ Ѵ.

ȸ=̴ܿ ؼ ȣϰ óؾ Ѵ. ܸ ̴ܴåȸ ִµ ̴ س غ.


-ѱȸ  ϰ .

ȸ= ѱȸ κ ִٰ . öϰ ȸϰ ؾ Ѵ. ѱȸ , ⵵ ö ϳԲ ư Ѵ.

ä ȸ= Ǵ ƴ϶ ߽ɿ ǰ ȸ ȸ ñϴ.

ȸ= ߽, ߽, ߽, ߽ ȸϴ Ѵ. Բ ٸ ٸ ܵ鵵 ؼ ο ̶ Ѵ.

ȸ= ʿϴ. ұܵ鵵 ƿ﷯ Բ ִ ⸦ Ѵ. ̸ ؼ ʿϴ.


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յ ҷȸ, 77 Ż ȸ

1938 ѷο ȸ Ҿ ġ ä



ѿȸ() յ ҷȸ 15 α 21帲ȸ ȸ 77 Ż Ǹ ϰ ϰ ִ. ȣ ϱ

ȸ 1938 9 10 ۱ȸ ȸ 27 ȸ Ż踦 ߴ. ô α İ ̾.  Ͼ ҹǡ ƹ ҿ . αȸ Ϻ ¾ տ ̾.

ѿȸ() յ ҷȸ(ȸ ö ) 15 α 21帲ȸ(̼ ) ȸ 77 Ż Ǹ ߴ. 1938 α ȸ α 8 ȸ Ż ǿ 弱 Ϳ ȸ ̴.

ҷȸ 3 Ż ȸ ϸ Ȳسȸ и ż ȸ. ȸ Ż Ҵ ó ŭ ٸ ȸ ü Ȯ ָȴ.

̳ ڵ Ż Ҿȡ ġ äߴ. Ż ˸ ȸ ںϴ Ҽ ߴ. ϰ ÿ Ӿ ȸڵ յ.


ҷȸ Ż ȸ ڼȯ(±ȸ) ϳ и ܾ 츮 ȸ 信 ݰ Ż踦 ޾Ƶ鿴١鼭 αȸ ̳ ϴ ȼ ư ̵ ͷ ϰ ߴ١ ߴ.

ҷȸ 20 ⵵ ѽŴ дп ҷȸ ҷȸ 翡 Ż踦 ȸϰ Ϻ ߽ Ż åڸ ߰Ѵ. 12 8Ͽ ҷȸ ո翡 Ż ȸ ǥ ġ ȹ̴.

ѱȸ Ż ȸ 23 Ž ö󰣴. 92 6 18 ѱȸ Ѱ(19022000) ѱȸ ū ҷ״. 뺧̶ Ҹ ϻ Ϲ޴ ڸ ״ Ż踦 ² ȸ ʾҴ١鼭 ݼ ˸ ȸѴ١ .

() ȸ å ѱȸ ȸڿ ӿ εƴ. 2006 1 ⵶Ѻȸ ʴ ̾ ¿ 簡 â ϰ ģ ģ ߴ١ ó ģ ݼߴ

. 2007⿡ ⵶Ѽᱳȸ ѱ⵶ȸ() Ż迡 ߴ. 2008 յ , ս, 4 αܺп 60 ó ֿ տ踦 Ż ȸ⵵ ȴ.


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" ȸ , ô û θ"

ȭ ϱ ȸ 븦 ̷
̿



10 9 ȭ 3ȸ ȸ ڶȸ ȴ. ڶȸ Ҵ. 1,000 ڶȸ ٳబ. ڵ 踦 ϰ ִ . ϴ ֽ

Ż塤ŻŻ ߱ϴ ȸ ڸ 翪 ϰ Բ ϴ ð ´. 10 9, ȭ ' ȭ ϱ 2015 ȸ ڶȸ' ̴. 'ع 70, ȭ ϱ ȸ '̶ ̹ ڶȸ ȸü 70 ߴ.

ȸ ü Ұϱ ν () κ ߴ. Ա ߽ 25, 30 ν ڸߴ. ո翡 20 Ѵ õ ġƴ. ̳ ȸ ü غ ߴ. ȸ ˸ ȳ å, , , ߴ.

ڶȸ ð . ȸ ̵ Ҵ. ױȸ(̿ ) ؼ Դ. л ã ־.

10 30, 300 ո翡 𿴴. ȭ ǥ (Ŵ) ⵵ ڶȸ ö. "ϳ ħ ȸ ڸ 𿴴. ȸ, ѱȸ ٷ ٶ" ⵵ߴ. , ȭâ ӿ 簡 ġ ٶ.



ȸ ü Ұϴ ν õ ȭ . ۺ . ϴ ̿

ȸ ڶȸ غ μ "ع 70ֳ ¾, ع ̷ ʾҴ. ô, д ٽô Ͼ ȴ. ȸ  ̷" ߴ. ̹ ڶȸ ȣ ѱŴ빮åȸ() ʴߴٸ鼭 ڼ ڰ ߴ. ȯȣϸ ڼ ġ, ȣ ڵ鵵 ڼ ȭߴ. ν ̵ Ա ߴ.

ۺ ''Ÿ԰Ÿ dz

κ, ۺ á. 1 ٽ ȸ ȸڵ Ⱥθ λ縦 . ڵ鿡Դ ȫ ǰ dz׸ 翪 ߴ.

2006, â ھȸ 'Ż' ȸ. Ӹ簡 , 30 ŵ ȸ ̲ . ߿ ϴ ȸ ϰ, ȸ óѴ. 1 40% Ѵ. ε ſ ư Ѵ.

30 Ѱ ȸ 簡 ھȸ ν ãҴ. ״ ȸ ̵ ȸ  Ǵ . ھȸ Ŵ ȸ , ټῡ Ѵٸ  ٰ ߴ. ŵ ߽ ȸμ '' ߿ϰ , ̾ ִ 硤ȼ硤ǻ硤 å ٰ ߴ. ''̶ ȣĪ Ѵٸ鼭 10Ⱓ ִٰ ߴ.


' ϴ' ǹ̸ ̵米ȸ( ) 'û 翪' Ѵ. û鿡 " " ƴ " ġ() " Ѵ. ġ ںǿ ̱⵵ ϴ. û ְšꡤ ذϱ ü ̴.

Ѹ ü . 3 , 12 û DZ ִ. л δ Ŭ ٰ ߴ. "ǹ  δ . ü Ŀϰ ִ. ʿϸ ٸ ̴" ߴ.

̿ Բ ' ' ϴ õȸ( ) ̸ . 1 踦 ִ. 10~20 ϸ, ̵鵵 Ѵ. к Ѱ, Ѵ. 簡 ̵ ̿ ´ ϰ, ȸб 絵 Բ θ. Ȳ̼ " ̵ 踦 հ Ѵ. ܼ 鸸 谡 ƴ '츮' ޾Ƶδ" ߴ. ̵ 谡 ̵ϰ,  ٽ 踦 ̾ .

õ ܺȸ(ƿ ) ޸ ô ݰ ȸ DZ ޲۴. 1992 ƿ õ ð ڸ Ҵ. 縦 ҾƹҸӴϵ δ볢 ƿԴ. "ȸ " ׻ "ʿ , " . Ȯ  ִ . ܺȸ , ġ, ȸ鿡 ϴ ߽ ƴ.

ܺȸ ν Ŵ л 4 Ű ־. ܺȸ ȸ ǽ л, 簡 10Ⱓ ռ ѿ ȸ ǰ ܺȸ ġ 翪 ߴ. ֱ ֹε Բ ''̶ ȸ , κ 翪 غ ̶ ߴ. ƿ "ǽ л 絵 , ̵ ι ߴ. ڶȸ ༭ " ߴ.



̹ ڶȸ Ÿ dzߴ. ױȸ л ̿ø Ÿ, ÿ ϰ ִ . ϴ ֽ

ڶȸ ȸ . δ 簡 ȴ. ֻױȸ ʡߡ 10 ո翡 𷹷Ÿ̿øī DZ ɽƮ . 'ϳ ̿', 'ư ', ' Ͻ', '̽' 10 ߴ. 鸲 ִ ͸ Ҵ. Ѻ ̵ ְ ڼ ƴ. ɽƮ Ŀ 屸, , Ѱ ǵ .

áü 絵 ȴ. ۺ (ȸ) 迡 ڰ 100 ϰ, ⸰ȸ( ) ڸ ü . Ͱ ְ ü赵 ƴ. 󸶴 ̾߱⸦ ڽŰ Ÿ, α׷̴.

ո翡 ġ Ź Բߴ. ȴ縶DZȸ( ) ׻ , ̳ ħ ȾҴ. Ŵ롤 л鿡 Ļ縦 'ö&'(μ ) , ,  ȾҴ. Ǹ ͱ Ϻδ Ŀϱ ߴ.

ò ڶȸ 4, ¡Ҹ Բ . 翪 '' 1ð 踦 εߴ. ߰ 赿 繫ó Ⱥ ҸӴϵ鿡 ̾߱⸦ ´. ״ "47 ҸӴϰ Ϻ ִ 䱸ϰ ִ. ް Ǹ Ϳ ´ϴ "̶ . ȭ絵 ̳ Ļ硤 Ǹ ͱݰ 195 6,000 Ŀϱ ߴ.

ѱȸ, ȸ

迡 300 ' ' θ ư. ȸ ڶȸ ã ̵ . ѽŴ Ŵ ö ؿ ̾ ص ڶȸ ãҴ. ü Ҵ. ״ "Ӹ ϴ ͺ ;. Ƹٿü ν , ǽ " ߴ. кλ ȣ " ' ȸ' Ը ȸ θ ߴ. ̷ پ ȸ ϴ . Ҽ Ȱϴ ȸ ʹ" ߴ.

д ȸ η ٰ, ȸ ű ε ־. ڶȸ ó âõ (ƸٿִDZȸ) ȸ ̷Ա ٰ ߴ. ũ , ȸڰ ԰ ߷ ٴ żϰ ٰԴٰ ߴ. δ ̷ ڶȸ ȸ θ ; Ѵٰ ߴ. Ǹ ϴ óε, ڶȸ ͼ ʰڳİ ߴ.

翡 û ȣ λ縦 ߴ. ܿ â Ӵ ּȭ "Բ Ӵϵ Ƽ ʹ Ҵٰ ߴ. 米ȸ ΡƮũ  , ̵ 304 ̸ " ߴ.

̹ ڶȸ ȸ  ϴ ̴. 3 ڶȸ غ μ ΰ ߿ϴٰ ߴ. " ȸ ǹ ƴ '' Ѵٴ ̴.  ߵ ִ ߴٰ . ȸ  ô 帧 θ̴. ƴ ϴ ȸ 븦 Ȯ Ѵ. ȸ ̴" ߴ.




ۺ (ȸ) 迡 ڰ 100 ̹ ڶȸ . ϴ ̿



԰Ÿ dzߴ. ,  غ 'ö&'(μ ). Ŵ л鿡 ϰ, Ѵ. ϴ ̿



ɽð ո翡 Ź . ڵ ⼭ , , . ϴ ̿



⸰ȸ( ) ϰ ִ . ϴ ֽ



ȭȸ κ񿡼 ڶȸ ڵ ϴ 󸶰 ƴ. ϴ ֽ


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Ȳҷ ҵ Ǵ 丣ܼ ߰



㵥ϸ Ȩ

濡 Ȳ ҿ ϵ ҵ Ǵ 丣ܿ ߰ߵƴٰ ϰ ϸ 13(ð) ߴ.

Ź ֱ 丣ܰ Ż -ϸ ߰ߵ û ô( 3500~1540) Ŵ ҵ ġѴٰ ߴ.

2005 ߱ ۾ ̲ ̱ ߽ ƮƼ 콺ϴ Ƽ ݸ ڻ 5.2 β 뺮 10 ߰ Թ , ּ θ ߰ ִٰ .

ž ߰ ߰ߴ.

Ż -ϸ ߱ ޵ ó 丣ܰ ߿ ο ġ ȴ ҵ شٰ ߴ.

ݸ ڻ Ż -ϸ ı ûô ߰ߵ ʴµ ̴ û ߱ ڱ Ȳȭ ǹѴ١ ̰ ҵ ġߴ ޹ħִ ϳ ߴ.

״ 츮 Ż -ϸ ҵ ġߴ ߱ û ô ٸ Ը 5~10 ũ ̶鼭 丣ܰ û ô а ־ 츮 ߰ ߿ ñ ߱ ۾ ˷ ʾҴ ̶ ٿ.

Ż -ϸ 700 ʰ ٰ ٽ ϱ ̴ ÷ ϴ Ŵ ö öô( 1õ~332) 巯.

ݸ ڻ ҵ Ȳȭ ߻߱ ̶ ߰ ٸ ༺ 浹 ɼ ߴٰ ϸ ߴ.


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21 ѱȸ ұ

ȭ  ΰ(ŸϽ)




< ȭ  ΰ> / / ŸϽ 쳿 / 448 / 1 6,000

[- ] å ǥ ϰ ִ. ǩ븦 ã ϴ ڿ ͸ . ǥ Ȥ 500ʿ ϴ з å б⸦ ̰ Ѵ. ׷ λ‧‧‧뵿‧ǰ ϰ ϴ з δ .

< ȭ  ΰ> Ưϴ. ' ʷ õ ȭ'. ڴ ͺ ҰѴ. ѽŴ ѽŴ дп ϰ, ũǪƮп ߴ. ״ ȯл ε ε , ι ̰ ƴ. 2004⿡ ε dzʰ 8Ⱓ ü  ̱⵵ ߴ. ε ڴ 𿡰 . 1948 ִ ̾߱ 21⸦ ڵ ΰ ¹ ִ.

'‧' ϴ

é ڵ Ϸ Ѵ. ''̴. ȥ Ŀ '' ߴ. ݿ ϴ ̴. 37 踦 ϸ鼭 ȥ ູ ־ٰ ȸѴ. ,  ʹ ︮ ʴ ó δ. Ÿϰ . ̷ ؿ ״ Ѵ.

" иϰ 帮µ, ⺻ ƴմϴ. ΰ ֽ ̱ β . ߸̶ ϴ ؼ ϴ Դϴ." (179)

𿡰 ߿ Ű̴. ̴ ߱ϴ ̶ ״ '‧'() ؼ ִٰ Ҵ. ϰ ʰ Ұϴٰ Ҵ. ׷ 鿡 װ ݿ, ٽ ϴ Ѿ ߱ϰ ‧ ϴ ȴ.

" ߰ վ ɷ 'ڱ ' Եȴٴ Դϴ. 屸 Ž̳ ؼ 巯 ʽϴ. ߱ϴ ⺻ ڼԴϴ. ٽ ñ̸ ̰, ϴ ̶ ɾ⿡ ڽ Դϴ. ݵ ؼ ÿ ߱ؾ ٷ ⿡ ֽϴ." (184)

Ϻ ̴. ϸ ÿ ܽİ ä ߴ. ״ Ÿ ܼ 踦 ä ʾҴ. ä 츮 ̳ ϴ شٰ Ѵ. ǰ ϰ ϸ ʿ ߻Ű 󼭴 Ѵٰ Ѵ. 츮 Դ شٴ ̴.

״ ȸ ܽ ؼϱ⵵ ߴ. ܽ ǹ̴ ' ´' 꽺ũƮδ ' ӹ, Ű ̿ ִ' ̴. ܽ ڵ ϰ, ׵ ƺ Ѵٴ ̴. 谡 ذ ־ ڵ ڿ ø ǰ ׵鿡 ٰܳ Ѵ.

ΰ ߰ δ

'' ϸ ܾ ' '̴. ε ε £ ô޸ ʾҴ. ϴ ׿ ƴ. ׿ ̶  ǹϱ?

"  ϰ õϱ ؼ ٸ ؿ 䱸˴ϴ. װ Դϴ. α ſ ֽϴ. ׷ϱ ü Դϴ." (383)

'' ' '̶ ġ ʰ, ‧ո‧θ‧‧‧ 뿡 ó ʴ Ѵ. װ ϴ ¿ Ѵ. 뿡 巯 ൿ ̰ ̿ ȴٴ ̴. 뿡 ģ ־ Ѵٰ Ѵ. , Ѵٸ ϴٰ Ѵ. ״ ؼ غ ִٰ Ҵ. ݼӵ ߰ ΰ ̶ տ ۿ ٴ ڽ ų ̾߱Ѵ.

öϰ ' ߽'̾

å д 츮 ׵ 'ȭ' 'ε ߴ 'θ ġߴٴ ݰ ȴ. ״ ö Ű 迡 ãҴ. ⵵ κ ѿ ξ.

" ȯ ƴմϴ. ԰ ð ſϴ ƴϿ. ãư, 뷡ϰ, ϰ, ϴ Դϴ. и 츮 ü ſ ִٴ Դϴ. ϴ ڽ ο ¸ մϴ. ü 츮 η ̿ ϴ Դϴ. â 迡 , ִ ü ϳ ǰ ϴ Դϴ." (62~63)

翡 ϰ ̿ " ̿ ϶" ģ ħ ִ. ħ ޾? ڰ Ѷ ׸ ž ޾Ƶϱ ϰ ִٰ Ѵ. ¾ ٸ ħ 𸣰ڴ.

" ϴ , ׸ 巯. ׺ 뿡 ׸ 鿡 ǽ 'ϴԿԼ ¾ Ƶ'Դϴ. ׷ ׸ ϴ Ƶ ޾ƵԴϴ." (335)

״ ħ Ѵ. ׸ '׸' ħ Ҵ. Ư ϰ ƴٴ ׸ε鿡 ħ ´.

"ܾ ׸ ޽ ְ׽ϴ. ׸ ׸ ׸ ߴ ƴմϴ. ׷ ׸ ݴմϴ. ׸ε ⸸ ص ߸ ư ٵ ƽϴ. 鼭 ϴ η ˾Ҵ , ׸ ȴ ʾ Դϴ. (߷) ϰ ϸ, ׸ κ ̸ ׸εԴϴ. ϴ´ٰ δ ϰ ֽϴ. 'ڰ ϴ  ͺ Ÿ ٴñͷ ' ߴµ ڵ Ǵմϴ. ׸ ϴ ͵ ǻ 󼳱 ݴԴϴ. ź 'ϴ ̸' Կ Ÿ ũ մϴ." (361~362)

װ 21 ѱȸ β Ѵ. ڵ Բϴ ڽ ڸ ޸ ̸ ѱȸ ' ' ϴ ͸ .


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ȭ ⵵ȸ

漱 ο ģ ࿡ ۵š

ұ ʹ
sungoak@hotmail.com

⵵ȸ ѱ ű ǥϴ Ƿʴ. 50 ߹ е Ҹ Ͼ ȸ Ƹٿ ߾ ̴. ڴ ⵵ȸ ( ġ) ұ( · ) Ǿٴ 뼳 ϰ Ѵ.

ư ⵵ȸ ڵ (Գ) ÿ ߴٰ ϰ, ⵵ȸ ⵶ȭ  ̴. ߿ ߿ ʱ ⵵ȸ ϳ԰ ʿ, ⵵ 缺 յǾ ־ٴ ̴.

⵵ȸ ұ Ƴ

̳ å ʱ ѱȸ ⵵ȸ ұ · ҿ ߴٰ ִ. ΰ ӿ ȭ ()̳ ĥſ () ž̳ տ Ÿ() ž, Ȥ ս(ξ Ľ) Դٰ ϱ⵵ Ѵ. ̸ ŷ ִ ð̾. ε ڽ ȭ ϰ ġ ȴ. ⺹ ⵵ ״ ⵶ Ѿͼ ȸ ǰ â ؼ ⵵ϴ ' ⵶' ٰ Դ.

׷ ڴ ʴ ѱȸ Ͽ ⵵ȸ ׷ ٰ ڷḦ . 1970 Ŀ ޼ ѱȸ ⺹ ž ϴ ۵ ǻ Ἲ ϰ ͻ̴. ü ų 1 Ḧ ƴϴ.



1894 빮. ÿ ֹ ֹκ Ҵ.

ķ

밳 ʴ ѱȸ ⵵ȸ 4 30̳ 5ÿ ȴ. ϱ? 4 30̶ ð ķ õǾ ־.

ô ū ô 4 ѷο ־, ڰݷ ð Ȯ ð ˾Ҵ. ð ļ Ϸ縦 ϰ Ϸ縦 ߴ. 4ÿ ķ(ש) 33 ļ ߴ. 10ÿ (, ΰ) 28 ŸϿ Ͽ, 28 ڸ ϰ ݰ ǽߴ. ķ ߴ 33 Ÿ ұ ݿ ̴. ̻(گߣ) ִ 33 ϴ ģٴ ̾.

׷ ó 3ó 5ð ƴ϶, 4ÿ ķ縦 ģ ذ ߱ Ͼ 뵿 ؾ ߴ ô 깰̾. õⰣ ׶ Ͼ ϴ ΰ ü뿡 ̾. ⵵ȸ 4 30̳ 5ÿ 4ÿ ۵Ǵ ̴. Ÿ ʾƵ 4ÿ Ͼ 翡 4 30 Ǿ, ڵ 5ÿ ⵵ ־. ķ Ϸ ϻ ð Ͼ ȸ ͼ ⵵ȸ 𿴴.

Ϸ翡 ټ ︮ ȴ. ʰ( 8), ̰(10), (, 108), ( 3, 5), ( 5, 28 Ÿ 28谡 ⸦ ) ̾. ü ȿ ʰ ӿ ־. ׷ 3ÿ , ٽ 5ÿ () ġ (Ź) ︮, () ︰ () 28 ġ · Բ óԲ ø ߻ Żϱ⸦ ߴ.

ϰ ⵵ߴ ߼ ó, · ü뿡 ϴ ð Ͼ ϰ 帰 ̾. Ϸ縦 ϴ ķ Ҹ ٸ , Ӽ ¿ ð . Ǿ , 3ÿ Ͼ ü źϰ, ȸ . ⵵ȸ ޶, .

ڸ, ⵵ȸ ұ ̳ ε 帰 Ǿ Ұ . ķ Բߴ Ϸ ϻ ۰ ȴ. ׿ Ӽ ȿ ŷ輺 ȸϰ ϰ ߴ ڵ ϷϷ ϳ ϴ âǾ. 尨 ִ 迡, 㿡 ħ Ѿ ƴ ð Ӱ ⵵ ð̾.

⵵ȸ μӽžӿ

1905 ۵() ȸ λȸ ij(A. Carroll) .

"ħ ð ġ ħ ˸ ðó dzʿ ִ []ε Ͼ θ ⵵ ϴ ٶ Ͼ ߴ. ׷ 4ÿ ð ̳ ׷ ȭ ̾."

̴ ؼϸ鼭, ȭ ڳ սſ ڵ ȸ Ⱓ ߿ ⵵ȸ ٲپٰ Ҵ[̴, <ѱ ȸ >(ѱ⵶翬, 2000) 348~350]. ׷ ڷḦ ׷ ִ ǹ̴. 6ÿ Ͼ ξ սſ 뷡 ȴ? ƴϴ. 4ÿ Ͼ ġ 帱 ð ȭ ? ƴϴ. ڷῡ Ͻ ⵵ȸ ս ġ ̿ ðݡǷ 鿡 Ӽ ã ƴ.

⵵ȸ 漱ֿ ε ߴ

⵵ȸ ؼ ڰ ǥ ִ. ڼ Ǵ " 漱 ", <ѱ⵶ > 25ȣ (2006 9) 7~35 . ڴ (ΰ ) ڿ 漱ֿ û Ŀ ϰ, ϴ ⵵뼺⵵ö ⵵ 1905 ȸ , 1909 Ŀ ȸ α׷ ⵵ȸ ߴٰ ߴ. ⵵ȸ 漱ֿ ģ ࿡ ߴٴ 忡 ݷ . ڴ ߴ.

"漱ְ ߽ Ǿ ⵶ ȭ ⵵ 뼺⵵ 1910 ĺ ѱȸ ϱ ߴµ, ҿ ⵵ ϸ, ű ⵵ ⿡ ȸ ü ϰ ־."

' ⵵ȸ' αȸ ȸ ۵Ǿٰ ߴ. 1898 2, Ȳص ȸ ȸ Ϲ ε ڹ ⵵ȸ , Ȳص ٸ ȸ(1901 2) ε ⵵ȸ ó Ұߴ. ̿ ȸ ұԸ Ͻ ̴ ⵵ȸ 1905 ȸ α׷ äõǾ, 1909⿡ ȸ α׷ ȯǾٰ ߴ.

1890~1905, ȸ ⵵

1892 10 ѱ ڵ 縦 , , , , ȸ ٽ ġ ȸ ߴ. 1891 ä ׺ ȸڿ ڸ 缺ϱ ؼ. 1892 11 28Ϻ 12 24ϱ £ ù йݿ ȫ, Ѽ, ڵ Ͼ ڹ ⵵ȸ 𿴴. ȸ Ͼ ϰ ⵵ϴ ӵǾ. ȸ ⵵ȸ Ȳص Ϲ ȸ ⵵ȸ ִ.

̸ "ѱ űȸ ⵵ ʱ⿡ ", <а õ> 31ȣ (2012 5) 183~225ʿ 1892 ȸ ȫ, ■, Ѽ ⵵ ʸ Ұ , ȸ ⵵(ȸ) ʸ Ҵ.

ڴ ڰ Ұ Ȳص ȸ ȸ ⵵(1898 2) ٸ Ȳص ȸ ⵵(1901 2) ̾, ʻ(1901), (1903), (1904), ȭд(1904), ۵(1905) ȸ ̷ ⵵ ʵ ߴ. ׸ ̾ ڰ 1909, 漱 ġ ΰ ֵ ȸ ⵵ȸ ߴ.  1909 ⵵ȸ ȸ Ϲ ŵ ⵵ȸ, ȸ ̷ ѽ ⵵ȸ.

̸״ ⵵ κ Ϳ ָߴ. ġ ⵵ ߴٴ 뼳 ߴ. 1893 θ ôϴ Ʈ(S. A. Moffett) Ѽ ⵵ ٰŷ, Ʈ ⵵ âÿ ū ߴٰ ߴ.

׷ Ʈ ⵵ ϴ ߴٴ Ǿ Ѵ. װ ⵵ Ҵٸ, 1895 ⵵ȸ 帮ų, δٸȸ Ȥ ȸ ذ 1900⿡ ⵵ȸ â ̴. ׷ Ʈ ۿ ׷ . 帰 ⵵ ȸ ' ⵵ȸ' ƴ.

漱 ù ȸ ⵵ȸ , 1906 ƴ 1909

å̳ ¶ α׿ ߸ ´.

"츮 ⵵ 1906 , '漱' ֵ 'ȸ' Ͽ. ⵵ȸ 1907 翡 ˹ߵ ѱ ⵶ ù DZ⵵ ߴ. 漱 δ Ȳ( ) ִ Ͽ ȸ ⵵Ͽ, ε ⵵ϱ Ͽ, ʾ 300~500 ̸ ε ̱ ߴ."

⼭ 漱 ⵵ȸ 1906 ߴ 漱 ⵵ȸ 1907 ù Ǿ ô ⿴ٴ . 1906 ˷ μ 1930 <žӻȰ> 漱 鼭 ׷ ߸ ߱ ̴. ⵵ȸ  Ⱑ ÷ ٽ ҷŰ 1909⿡ ο ȸ ̾. ѱ Ĺ DZ ̾.

⵵ȸ 1920 Ĺ~1930 ʹ

1907 1910뿡 ⵵ȸ ѱȸ θ ǰ ó ϴ ̵鵵 ƴϴ. ׷ . ̴ 1914⿡ ȭ ȸ ȸ ⵵ȸ 1 ȸ ȸ 帰 ̴. ȸ ƴϾ. ȸ Ȧ 30̳ 100 ⵵ 帰 ̳ 31  Ͼ , ż ⵵  1919 ⵵ȸ ̴ ȸ .

1920 Ĺݿ ϴ ⵵ȸ ڷ ؼ ؾ . ̶ ⵵ȸ 帮 ϻ ⵵ ȸ ڸ Ĺ ġϿ ⵵ ߱ ̾ ̴. ⵵ ʰ ϷϷ簡 ε ұ ̾.

ð ⵶ȭ, ķ縦 ȸ Ҹ

1910 ȸ ⵵ȸ ð ⵶ȭϱ ߴ. 1910 ѵδ '' , Ȯ '۷' ̶ ٸ õ 㹰. 4 Ű Ϻ ȣ Ҹ Į Ҹ Ҹ Ǿ. 漺 Ű ̶ Ǿ. ȥ Ҹ Ҿȴ. () 漺() Ű Ҹ() 漺̾, Ҹ ô () Ĺ 漺̾.

ÿ ùε鿡 ٽ Ҹ ȸ ̾. 翡 ħ 6, 12, 6 3 ƴ. ϸ ȸ, ׸ ȸ ȸ ٸ Ⱓ ϸ鼭 Ÿߴ. ȸ Ҹ ٽ ð ϰ, 츮 () Ǿ. ȥ Ƴ Ҹ. ϴ Ƚ ȭٸ, ⵵ȸ Ϸ縦 ϴ ù ð ȭ.



1909 ֱȸ ġϱ Ҵޱ ִ. Ȯ ž Ҹ ð ȭϱ ߴ.

⵵ȸ ڵ Ȯ ð

ȿ ùε 4ÿ Ͼ , Ҹ Ŀ 밳 4ÿ ŵ ߴ. ׷ ȸ ϴ 4 30̳ 5ÿ ⵵ȸ ̰, ̾ Ϸ ð ߴ. 4 30̳ 5ÿ ȸ ⵵ȸ, ݸ ӿ ִ 3ó 5ÿ ·鳢 ϰ ϰ 帮 Ͱ ޶.

ӿ ŷ輺 Ϸ 뵿ڿ ֺε ⵵ȸ. ٰ ϻ ſ տ ϴ ϴ ð̾. ο򿡼 Ѿ Ϸ 輱 ð (), ׷ ƴ ð, ǰ ִ ð, ڵ ϳ ߴ. Ͼ ִ Ϸ Ϸ 뵿ڵ 㳷 Ͻô ϳ Բϴ ̾.

ڴ ϴ ų ߻ Ϸ Ұ ޶, Ȧ ĥſ ΰž ġ ޶. ڿ ġ , ڿ డ Բ ϴ ü . ⵵ . ⵵ȸ ѱ ű ¡ϴ Ƿʰ Ǿ ⵵ ⺹ ⵵ ޸ ȿ Ϲ ε Բ 帮 ⵵ȸ ⵶ȭ߱ ̴.

Ҹ Ѵ. ŷ ȥ Ҹ ѱȸ ٽ ġ ʿϴ. Ͼ ġ ִ ȸ,  ȸ Ҹ ׸.

⵵ Ѵ. ̸ ݰ ڳฦ ⵵ߴ Ӵϵ û ׳ ȸ ִ.

⵵ȸ Ѵ. տ ϳ԰ ϴ , ٸ տ ڷμ ϴ Բ 帮 ⵵ ȸ .



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